The Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Faisalabad, established in 2009, plays a pivotal role in tackling plant health challenges, safeguarding food security, and advancing agricultural sustainability across the province. The Institute is comprised of following Sections & Divisions.
- Plant Pathology Section, Faisalabad
- Plant Virology Section, Faisalabad
- Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, Faisalabad
1.1 Plant Pathology Section, Faisalabad
The Section was founded in 1946 as part of the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute. Moved in 1962, when the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad was established. The Section underwent another relocation in 2009, marking the formation of the Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI) in Faisalabad. The mission of the Section, is to boost the nation's economy by increasing agricultural output via reducing yield losses due to plant diseases. Its primary focus is on advancing cutting-edge research into plant diseases, exploring their causes, effects, and potential threats to agriculture. Simultaneously, it emphasizes the development of innovative and practical sustainable solutions that not only mitigate the diseases but also promote long-term environmental health, resilient crop production, and ecological balance.
Existing laboratories: To achieve the stated tasks, research is systematically organized into five specialized fields/laboratories, each dedicated to a distinct area of expertise.
- Plant Mycology Laboratory I: The laboratory is dedicated to researching higher fungal pathogens to mitigate their impact on crops & development of management tactics against higher fungal pathogens.
- Plant Mycology Laboratory II: The laboratory is devoted to researching lower fungal pathogens to lessen their influence on crops & development of control strategies against lower fungal pathogens.
- Seed Pathology Laboratory: The laboratory is committed to researching seed-borne pathogens to lessen their effect on growth of crop plants & development of control strategies against seed borne pathogens via seed treatments.
- Phyto Bacteriology Laboratory: The laboratory is committed to studying plant bacterial pathogens in order to minimize their influence on crops along with advancement in control strategies against bacterial pathogens.
- Plant Nematology Laboratory: The laboratory is devoted to advancing research on plant-parasitic nematodes to alleviate their impact on crops along with advancement in control strategies against plant parasitic nematodes.
1.2 Plant Virology Section, Faisalabad
The Plant Virology Section was established in 1973, and in 1984, the Punjab Government introduced a small tissue culture unit. Since its inception, the section has been actively engaged in producing high-quality seed potatoes using tissue culture techniques that ensure virus-free seed stocks. Additionally, it conducts research on viral diseases affecting various crops and develops effective management strategies.
Existing laboratories: The following laboratories are currently in operation to fulfill the mission.
- Potato Tissue Culture Laboratory: The laboratory is dedicated to producing virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, virus-free micro tubers, virus-free mini tubers, and virus-free basic seed potato of newly developed potato varieties.
- Serology Laboratory (ELISA based virus identification): The laboratory plays a crucial role in identifying potato viruses, ensuring disease-free seed potato production, also plays a significant role in identifying viruses that affect crops other than potato
1.3 Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, Faisalabad
The Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division was established in 1971 and relocated in 2009 following the bifurcation and formation of the Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Faisalabad. The mission is to strengthen the linkage between farmers & research organizations by capacity building of employees of agri. department & other stake holders engaged in agriculture sector of the province, plays a vital role in enhancing agricultural production by transferring Plant Protection technologies to agricultural extension personnel. This division is actively engaged in developing Integrated Management technologies to control insect pests and diseases affecting field, forage, and horticultural crops, as well as standardizing herbicides and fungicides to effectively combat weeds and plant diseases.
Existing laboratories: The following laboratories are currently in operation to fulfill the assigned tasks.
- Plant Disease Diagnostics & Bioassay Laboratory: Standardizing fungicides to fight common crop infections and diagnosing plant diseases are the main objectives of the lab.
- Insect Pests Identification & Bioassay Laboratory: The aims of the lab. are to identify insect pests and create long-term remedies to stop pest infestations in crops.
Objectives
Plant Pathology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Identification of diseases of plants & their causative agents distressing crop plants, i.e., air borne, seed borne & soil borne fungi, bacteria, nematodes.
- Gaining insights into the biology of the plant pathogens & their interaction with the plants.
- Devising sustainable management strategies against plant pathogens/diseases of field and horticultural crops.
Plant Virology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Production of virus-free high quality seed potato using tissue culture.
- Detection of prevalence of potato viruses by means of ELISA.
- Monitoring & management of insect vector in potato crop in relation to potato viruses.
- Identification of plant viruses and developing management strategies to reduce agricultural losses due to viral diseases.
Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Imparting of plant protection technologies to personnel engaged in agriculture sector of the Punjab.
- Development of cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies to manage insect pests, weeds, and diseases at tolerable levels.
- Standardization of fungicides and herbicides for control of diseases and weeds of different crops.
Research Activities
Following are the research activities of the institute:
Plant Pathology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Identification of detrimental air borne, seed borne & soil borne fungi, bacteria, nematodes, distressing crop plants.
- Studying the biology, infection processes, and effects of pathogens on crop plants.
- Identification of suitable chemical substances to combat plants diseases, caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes.
- Finding and investigating the efficacy of biocontrol agents in management of plant diseases.
- Conducting research on environment friendly plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to manage plant diseases.
- Performing collaborative research on resistance potential in advanced breeder's lines of field & horticultural crops against disease causing pathogens, will aid in the development of resistant crop varieties.
- Carrying out surveillance studies in various ecological zones in order to identify diseases, causative agents, & associated losses.
Plant Virology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Production of virus free pre-basic seed potato.
- Detection of potato viruses through ELISA.
- Effect of different phytohormones in meristem culture of potato.
- Correlation of meteorological variables with viral diseases of crops.
- Collaborating with breeders of crops to screen and develop resistant crops varieties against destructive viral pathogens.
Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Imparting training in plant protection techniques to In-service Agri. Department personnel, sugar mills field staff and other stakeholders, engaged in agri. sector.
- Standardization of fungicides & weedicides for control of diseases & weeds in crops.
- Efficacy testing of different chemicals against insect pests of crops.
Achievements
Following are the research achievements of the Institute:
- Plant Pathology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- More than 1600 plant samples analyzed including tubers, leaves, roots & soils for diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes.
Diseases identification
- Identified 33 fungal diseases across 18 crop plants, 4 bacterial infections in 4 crops, and 1 parasitic nematode affecting 3 crops, based on disease symptoms and morphology of the pathogens/agents, Table 1.
Table 1: Diseases identification and their spreading nature in different crops
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Causal agent |
Spreading Nature |
Crop |
|
Fungal pathogens |
||||
|
1 |
Loose smut |
Ustilago tritici |
Air & seed borne |
Wheat |
|
2 |
Karnal bunt |
Tilletia indica |
Seed borne |
|
|
3 |
Red rot |
Colletotrichum falcatum |
Seed & soil borne |
Sugarcane |
|
4 |
Whip smut |
Sporisorium scitamineum |
Seed & soil borne |
|
|
5 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Seed & soil borne |
Peas |
|
6 |
Powdery mildew |
Erysiphe polygoni |
Air borne |
|
|
7 |
Late blight |
Phytophthora infestans |
Air & soil borne |
Tomato |
|
8 |
Early blight |
Alternaria solani |
Air borne |
|
|
9 |
Wilt |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. |
Soil borne |
|
|
10 |
Botrytis blight |
Botrytis cinerea |
Air & soil borne |
|
|
11 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Lentil |
|
12 |
Rust |
Uromyces viciae-fabae |
Air borne |
|
|
13 |
Grey mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Air & soil borne |
|
|
14 |
Stemphylium blight |
Stemphylium vesicarium |
Air, soil & seed borne |
Onion |
|
15 |
Purple blotch |
Alternaria porri |
Air, soil & seed borne |
|
|
16 |
Stalk rot |
Fusarium graminearum |
Soil borne |
Maize |
|
17 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Gram |
|
18 |
Wilt & root rot complex |
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, |
Soil borne |
|
|
19 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Mung |
|
20 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Mash |
|
21 |
Root rot |
Athelia rolfsii, Fusarium fujikuroi, & Aspergillus terreus |
Soil borne |
Peanut |
|
22 |
Blast |
Pyricularia oryzae |
Air borne & seed borne |
Rice |
|
23 |
Sheath blight |
Rhizoctonia solani |
Soil borne |
|
|
24 |
Brown leaf spot |
Bipolaris oryzae |
Air borne & seed borne |
|
|
25 |
Stem rot |
Sclerotium oryzae |
Soil borne |
|
|
26 |
Leaf spot |
Mycosphaerella fragariae |
Soil borne |
Strawberry |
|
27 |
Grey mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Air borne |
|
|
28 |
Downy mildew |
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis |
Air & soil borne |
Musk melon |
|
29 |
Powdery mildew |
Podosphaera xanthii |
Air borne |
|
|
30 |
Powdery mildew |
Erysiphe cichoracearum/Sphaerotheca fuliginea |
Air borne |
Water melon |
|
31 |
Downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Air borne |
Grapes |
|
32 |
Root rot |
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium |
Soil borne |
Okra |
|
33 |
Dieback |
Botryodiplodia theobromae |
Soil borne |
Shisham |
|
Bacterial Pathogens |
||||
|
1 |
Cotton bacterial blight |
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv malvacearum |
Air & soil borne |
Cotton |
|
2 |
Rice bacterial blight |
Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae |
Air & soil borne |
Rice |
|
3 |
Mung bacterial Wilt |
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Seed borne |
Mung bean |
|
4 |
Mash bacterial Wilt |
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Seed borne |
Mash bean |
|
Nematodes infestation |
||||
|
1 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Tomato |
|
2 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Carrot |
|
3 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Radish |
Morphology of the pathogens
- Differentiated various isolates of Colletotrichum falcatum, based on types of conidia, isolated from red rot infected sugarcanes.
Biocontrol agents of plants diseases
- Explored impact of 4 biocontrol agents, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter sp. Rhizobium sp. against infestation caused by Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant, Bacillus subtilis gave most effective control with minimum production of root knots.
Resistance potential identification
- Reported resistance potential against 20 fungal diseases, in 2076 advanced breeding lines of 11 different crop plants, recorded resistant type reaction in 216 advanced lines, Table 2.
Table 2. Resistance potential against fungal diseases in advanced lines of different crops
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Causal agent |
Crop |
No. tested lines |
No. resistant lines |
Name resistant lines |
|
1 |
Loose smut |
Ustilago tritici |
Wheat |
16 |
3 |
5309, HYT20-19, 17C090 |
|
2 |
Karnal bunt |
Tilletia indica |
15 |
1 |
FSD-2008 |
|
|
3 |
Red rot |
Colletotrichum falcatum |
Sugarcane |
18 |
14 |
PSR-07, SP-93, 08US-133, SL-426, M-42, CP-1101, 08AUS-130, 02US-133, SPF6-um, S-54, Co-238, FD-18, 02-US -133, 06SPF302 |
|
4 |
Whip smut |
Sporisorium scitamineum |
18 |
12 |
03-US633, PSR-07, 03US-658, SA-111, SL-426, SP-93, US-54, CP-1101, 08AUS-130, RMC-87/559, 02US-133, CO238 |
|
|
5 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Peas |
15 |
6 |
No.267, FS-8187 Samrina Zard, F-16, Sarsabz, P-09 |
|
6 |
Powdery mildew |
Erysiphe polygoni |
10 |
1 |
Azad P1 |
|
|
7 |
Late blight |
Phytophthora infestans |
Tomato |
40 |
2 |
Salar, LITTH- 645 |
|
8 |
Early blight |
Alternaria solani |
40 |
1 |
LITTH-646 |
|
|
9 |
Wilt |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. |
273 |
59 |
LITTH-646, LITTH-648, LITTH-649, LITTH-650, LITTH-652, LITTH-653, LITTH-657, LITTH-658, LITTH-660, LITTH-664, LITTH-668, LITTH-671, LITTH-673, LITTH-676, LITTH-678, LITTH-572, LITTH-580, LITTH-559, Sahel, LPP# 12005, 12011, 12017, 12025, 12034, 12053, 12072, 12082, 12091, 12120, 12127, 12143, 12161, 12176, 12205, 12216, 12004, 12005, 12009, 12011, 12012, 12016, 12020, 12022, 12030, 12031, 12038, 12043, 12045, 12053, 12061, 12062, 12068, 12071, 12076, 12090, 12099, 12100, 12104, 12105. |
|
|
10 |
Botrytis blight |
Botrytis cinerea |
40 |
4 |
LITTH-645, LITTH-646, LITTH-648, LITTH-611 |
|
|
11 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Lentil |
233 |
36 |
12106, 12107, 12110, 12115, 12120, 12126, 12127, 12129, 12130, 12136, 12137, 12143, 12144, 12145, 12152, 12153, 12161, 12167, 12168, 12169, 12182, 12183, 12187, 12188, 12190, 12191, 12198, 12201, 12205, 12208, 12213, 12215, 12219, 12221, 12223, 12225 |
|
12 |
Rust |
Uromyces viciae-fabae |
260 |
7 |
LPP#12012,12013,12025,12040,12074,12099, 12108 |
|
|
13 |
Grey mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
260 |
22 |
LPP # 12011, 12012, 12018, 12019, 12025, 12026, 12030, 12036, 12040, 12044, 12051, 12052, 12059, 12075, 12083, 12085, 12094, 12104, 12108, 12113, 12164, 12188 |
|
|
14 |
Stemphylium blight |
Stemphylium vesicarium |
Onion |
10 |
1 |
VRIO-4 |
|
15 |
Stalk rot |
Fusarium graminearum |
Maize |
16 |
5 |
FH-1400, FH-1731, FH-1743, FH-1962, FH-1935 |
|
16 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Gram |
30 |
9 |
AZRI-CH-4/2020, PCK-19005, PCK-17002, AZRI-CH-10/2020 AZRI-CH-1/2020, AZRI-CH-8/2020, PCK-01216, PCK-19009, COOP-18, PCK-18020 |
|
17 |
Wilt & root rot complex |
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, |
12 |
6 |
D-18009, D-18008, D-18020, D-18036, D-1807, D-18032 |
|
|
18 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Mung |
50 |
6 |
S-907, 6163-B-4, E-86, Kark-2, Kark-1, LX No-10-76 |
|
19 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Mash |
20 |
10 |
19M003, 19M011, 18M013, 18M014, 19M007, Mash SPN-2, 19M005, AARIM-02, AARIM-03, AARIM-12 |
|
20 |
Dieback |
Botryodiplodia theobromae |
Shisham |
700 |
11 |
PFRI-1 to PFRI-11 |
- Reported resistance potential against 2 bacterial diseases (2 bacterial pathogens), in 41 advanced breeding lines of 3 different crops, recorded resistant type reaction in 7 advanced lines, Table 3.
Table 3. Resistance potential against bacterial diseases in advanced lines of crops
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Causal agent |
Crop |
No. of tested lines |
No. of resistant lines |
Name of resistant lines |
|
1 |
Bacterial blight |
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv malvacearum |
Cotton |
20 |
4 |
FH-326, FH-468, FH-328, FH-142 |
|
2 |
Bacterial Wilt |
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Mung |
6 |
2 |
07002, 07006 |
|
3 |
Bacterial Wilt |
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Mash |
15 |
1 |
16M009 |
- Reported resistance against one disease caused by root knot nematode, in 35 advanced breeding lines of 3 different crops, recorded resistant type reaction in 11 advanced lines, Table 4.
Table 4. Resistance potential against diseases caused by nematodes in advanced lines of crops
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Causal agent |
Crop |
No. tested lines |
No. resistant lines |
Name resistant lines |
|
1 |
Root knot |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Tomato |
25 |
8 |
18277, 20330, 20321, 19301, 20331, 20325, 20324, 20334 |
|
2 |
Root knot |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Carrot |
5 |
1 |
T-29 |
|
3 |
Root knot |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Radish |
5 |
2 |
Miun Japani, Manwari long diet |
Chemical control
- Explored different antifungal chemicals for control of fungal infections in crops, and in this instance, more than 30 types of chemicals alone or in combination were experienced as preventive & curative against more than 38 types of fungal infections in 21 crops, Table 5.
Table 5. Chemical treatment for management of fungal diseases in diverse crop plants
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Chemical |
Product |
Nature |
Dose/liter H2O |
Crop |
|
1 |
Twig & stem blight |
difenoconazole |
Score 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
Cotton |
|
2 |
Stem rot |
sulphur |
Kumulus DF |
Preventive |
4 gm |
Rice |
|
3 |
Brown leaf Spot |
tebuconazole |
Tebuconazole 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL |
|
|
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Rumble 40 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|||
|
epoxiconazole+pyraclostrobin |
Greenopas 17%SE |
Preventive & curative |
3 mL |
|||
|
|
Nitosuper 22 SC |
|
2 mL |
|||
|
4 |
Blast |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Rumble 40 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|
|
pyraclostrobin |
Seltima 9.5 CS |
Preventive & curative |
4 mL |
|||
|
|
Nito super 22 SC |
|
2 mL |
|||
|
isoprothiolane |
Fuji one 40 EC |
Preventive & curative |
4.8 mL |
|||
|
5 |
Yellow Rust |
propiconazole |
Tilt 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
Wheat |
|
6 |
Brown Rust |
propiconazole |
Tilt 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|
|
7 |
Collar Rot |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG |
Preventive & curative |
2 gm |
Chilies |
|
8 |
Gray Mold |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL |
|
|
9 |
Anthracnose |
thiophanate methyl |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
Preventive & curative |
2 gm |
|
|
10 |
Collar Rot |
mandipropamid |
Revus 240ML |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 ml |
Pea |
|
11 |
Powdery Mildew |
pyraclostrobin+metiram |
Cabrio Top 60 WDG |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 gm |
|
|
12 |
Late Blight |
metalaxyl-M+mancozeb |
Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 gm |
Tomato |
|
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Rumble 40 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|||
|
13 |
Early Blight |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
Pyrazole 45 WP |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|
|
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Rumble 40 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|||
|
14 |
Gray Mold |
metalaxyl-M+mancozeb |
Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 gm |
|
|
15 |
Late Blight |
metalaxyl-M+mancozeb |
Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG |
Preventive & curative |
2 gm |
Potato |
|
16 |
Early Blight |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
Pyrazole 45 WP |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|
|
17 |
Gray Mold |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL
|
|
|
18 |
Powdery Mildew |
sulphur |
Kumulus DF |
Preventive |
3 gm |
Muskmelon |
|
|
Waffla 28.5 SC |
|
200 mL |
|||
|
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin |
Consist 500 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
|||
|
metalaxyl+copper oxide |
Ultimate 60 WP |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|||
|
mefentrifluconazole |
Belanty 400 SC |
Preventive & curative |
1.5 mL |
|||
|
19 |
Collar Rot |
mandipropamid |
Revus 240ML |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 mL |
|
|
20 |
Downy mildew |
|
Instinct 27.5% SC |
|
2 mL |
|
|
metiram |
Polyram 70 DF |
|
2 mL |
|||
|
mandipropamid+cymoxanil |
Revus Start Pepite 200 GM |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|||
|
21 |
Powdery mildew |
metiram |
Polyram 70 DF |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL |
Water melon |
|
22 |
Myrothecium leaf spot |
tebuconazole |
Folicur 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
3 gm |
Bitter gourd |
|
23 |
Downy Mildew |
metalaxyl-M+mancozeb |
Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG |
Preventive & curative |
2.5 gm |
Cucurbits |
|
24 |
Powdery Mildew |
sulphur |
Kumulus DF |
Preventive |
3 gm |
Carrot |
|
25 |
Blight |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin |
Nativo 75 WG |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|
|
26 |
Purple Blotch |
difenoconazole |
Score 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
Onion |
|
adepidyn+difenoconazole |
Miravis Duo 200 SC |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL |
|||
|
27 |
Downy Mildew |
fosetyl aluminum |
Aliette 80 WP |
Preventive |
2 gm |
|
|
28 |
Rust |
penconazole |
Topas 100 EC |
|
1 mL |
Garlic |
|
29 |
Stemphylium Blight |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
Pyrazole 45 WP |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
|
|
30 |
Downy Mildew |
dimethomorph+mancozeb |
Acrobat MZ 90/600 WP |
Preventive & curative |
3 gm |
Cauliflower |
|
31 |
Withertip |
thiophanate methyl |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
Preventive & curative |
2 gm |
Citrus |
|
32 |
Scab |
propineb |
Antracol 70WP |
Preventive |
2 gm |
|
|
33 |
Crown& stem rot |
difenoconazole |
Score 250 EC |
Preventive & curative |
1 mL |
Berseem |
|
34 |
Phomopsis rot |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
Pyrazole 45 WP |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
Sunflower |
|
35 |
Stem Rot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin |
Nativo 75 WG |
Preventive & curative |
1 gm |
Sesame |
|
36 |
Downy mildew |
metiram |
Polyram DF 70 WDG |
Preventive & curative |
2 mL |
Grapes |
|
37 |
Leaf blight |
ametoctradin+dimethomorph |
Enervin duo 47.1% SC |
Preventive |
4 mL |
|
|
38 |
Root rot |
flutriafol |
Identity 12.5% FS |
Preventive & curative |
2 gm |
Okra |
- Explored different antibacterial chemicals for control of bacterial infections prevailing in crops, and in this instance, 4 chemicals were proved as curative against 5 bacterial infections of 5 crops, Table 5.
Table 5. Chemical treatment for management of fungal diseases in diverse crop plants
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Chemical |
Product |
Nature |
Dose/liter H2O |
Crop |
|
1 |
Bacterial leaf blight |
streptomycin sulfate |
Streptomycin sulfate 72 SP |
Curative |
1 gm |
Cotton |
|
2 |
Bacterial leaf blight |
kasugamycin |
Kasumin 2SL |
Curative |
4 gm |
Rice |
|
tetramycin |
Zeon 0.3 AS |
Curative |
3 gm |
|
||
|
3 |
Bacterial rot |
streptomycin sulfate |
Streptomycin sulfate 72 SP |
Curative |
1 gm |
Cauliflower |
|
4 |
Canker |
streptomycin sulfate |
Streptomycin sulfate 72 SP |
Curative |
1 gm |
Citrus |
|
5 |
Bacterial wilt |
oxytetracycline |
Oxytetracycline |
Curative |
1 gm |
Mustard |
- Explored chemical compound for control of diseases caused by parasitic nematodes in crops, and in this instance, one chemical was experienced as curative against one nematode infestation in 2 crops, Table 5.
|
Sr. # |
Disease |
Chemical |
Product |
Nature |
Dose/liter H2O |
Crop |
|
1 |
Root Knot nematode |
Cadusafos |
Rugby 5G |
Curative |
0.12 gm |
Eggplant |
|
2 |
Root Knot nematode |
Cadusafos |
Rugby 5G |
Curative |
0.12 gm |
Chili |
Seed borne pathogens & their management
- Seeds of 17 different crops were examined, recorded more than 19 types of fungal pathogens, and 5 types of chemicals tested, showed effective control, suppress the accompanying pathogens by seed treatment, Table 6.
Table 6. Seed borne pathogens of crops, associated disease and recommended seed dressing fungicides
|
Sr.# |
Crop |
Pathogen |
Associated diseases |
Chemical/Kg of seed |
Product name |
|
1. |
Pea |
Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Phoma sp. |
Wilt, Blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
Ascochyta pisi, A.pinodella |
Blight |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole) @ 2 gm |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
2. |
India gourd |
Macrophomina phaseolina |
Stem rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
3. |
Ash gourd |
Fusarium solani |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
4. |
Red gourd |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole @ 2.5 gm |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
5. |
Sponge gourd |
Colletotrichum dematium |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 1 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
|
|
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole @ 2 gm |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
|||
|
6. |
Long melon |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
difenoconazole @ 1 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|
|
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole @ 2 gm |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
|||
|
7. |
Spinach |
Stemphylium botryosum, Verticillium sp., Fusarium solani |
Leaf spot, Wilt, Seedling blight |
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
||||
|
Cercospora sp. |
Leaf spot |
difenoconazole @ 1 mL |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
||
|
|
tebuconazole @ 2 mL |
Tebuconazole 250 EC |
|||
|
8. |
Fenugreek |
Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Verticillium sp. |
Wilt, Seedling blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
Stemphylium botryosum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 1 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
9. |
Cauliflower |
Fusarium solani |
Head rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 1 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
10. |
Onion |
Myrothecium roridum, Stemphylium botryosum, Alternaria porri |
Leaf spot, Purple blotch |
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole @ 2 gm |
Amistar Top 325 SC |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
11. |
Garlic |
Stemphylium botryosum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 2 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
Fusarium oxsporum |
Wilt, Seedling blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
||
|
12. |
Turnip |
Fusarium solani |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
Alternaria brassicae; A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 2 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
13. |
Radish |
Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 2 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
14. |
Carrot |
Alternaria radicina; Alternaria dauci |
Leaf spot, Head blight |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
Nativo 75 WG |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 mL |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
15. |
Lettuce |
Fusarium moniliforme |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
|
16. |
Bitter gourd |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 2 gm |
Nativo 75 WG |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
Score 250 EC |
|||
|
17. |
Tinda gourd |
Fusarium moniliforme, Macrophomina phaseolina |
Wilt, Charcoal rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 gm |
Topsin-M 70 WP |
On-Farm Conservation of dieback-resistant Shisham Varieties
- A diverse phenotypic germplasm collection of 700 Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) plants is available for on-farm utilization. Through extensive evaluation, 11 lines have demonstrated resistance to dieback disease based on morphometric characteristics, while 8 lines have shown resistance at the molecular level.
Integrated disease Management
- Developed integrated disease management strategies against 8 diseases of 8 crop plants.
- Bacterial blight of pomegranate.
- Stem blight of sesame.
- Twig and stem blight of cotton.
- Crown & stem rot of berseem.
- Crown & stem rot of lucern.
- Citrus decline.
- Guava decline.
- Common scab of potato.
Product standardization
- Five fungicides against 4 diseases of 2 crops were standardized.
- Enervin Duo 47.1% SC (ametoctradin+dimethomorph) against grapes leaf blight.
- Greenopas 17% SE (epoxiconazole+pyraclostrobin) against rice brown leaf spot.
- Polyram DF 70% WDG (metriam) against grapes downy mildew
- Rumble 40% SC (azoxystrobin+difenoconazole) against rice blast.
- Seltima 9.5% CS (pyraclostrobin) against rice blast.
- One nematicide against root knot nematode in chili crop was standardized.
- Velum 400 SC (fluopyram) against Meloidogyne incognita.
- Plant Virology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
Virus free pre basic seed potato production
- Every year, about 30 tons of pre-basic seed potatoes are produced and distributed to progressive potato growers.
Prevalence of viral diseases of crops
- Prevalence of 3 viral pathogens (PVX, PVY & PLRV) were identified in potato and one (PaLCuV) in papaya via ELISA.
- Prevalence of 2 viruses including PaLCuV & CLCuV were recorded, maximum incidence (51.33%) of PaLCuV was found in Bahawalpur while minimum (21.17%) was recorded in Jhelum, while CLCuV incidence remained within 14.8 to 71% in Faisalabad.
Resistance potential Identification against viral diseases
- Identified resistance potential in 40 advanced lines of 4 crops (chilies, bottle gourd, okra & cotton) against 4 different viral pathogens (ChiliLCV, CMV, OYVMV, CLCuV), in case of cotton, 4 lines (V-5, V-7, V-8, V-09) were detected as moderately resistant, while in other crops (chili, bottle gourd & okra) germplasms, all were found susceptible against their respective virus.
- Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, PPRI, Faisalabad
Plant Protection Trainings
- Imparted plant protection trainings to more than 900 personnel engaged in agriculture sector of the Punjab (Table 7).
Table 7: Plant Protection training
|
Year |
Agriculture / Officer/Inspectors |
Field Assistants |
Sugar Mills Field Staff |
Farmers/Others |
Total |
|
2019-20 |
202 |
45 |
16 |
92 |
355 |
|
2020-21 |
104 |
131 |
79 |
0 |
314 |
|
2021-22 |
0 |
83 |
28 |
0 |
111 |
|
2022-23 |
0 |
99 |
36 |
0 |
135 |
|
2023-24 |
22 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
39 |
|
G. Total |
328 |
358 |
176 |
92 |
954 |
Disease sample analysis
- More than 300 diseased samples of different crops were analyzed for disease identification and recommended management tactics to the farmers.
Fungicides standardization
- More than 100 fungicides were evaluated and standardized to manage 38 different diseases of crop plants in the agriculture sector of the Punjab, Pakistan.
Initiatives
Plant Pathology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Surveillance and monitoring of emerging pathogens of crop plants under changing climatic conditions.
- Quantification of the extent of the emerging pathogens of crop plants under changing climatic conditions.
- Insights into the ecological differences in morphometrics of plant pathogens across main crops, types, sown in the Punjab, under changing climatic conditions.
- Standardizing protocol for growing of different kinds of mushrooms.
Plant Virology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Surveillance of Papaya Leaf Curl Virus (PaLCuV) in orchards and nurseries in papaya growing areas of the Punjab.
Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division
- Trainings regarding plant protection to personnel of public and private sectors.
- Development of integrated diseases, pests & weeds management protocols in various crops.
Name |
Designation |
|
Contact No. |
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad |
|||
|
Dr. Muhammad Azher Mustafa
|
Chief Scientist
|
directorppri@yahoo.com / azhermustafadr@gmail.com | 041-9201682 |
Plant Pathology Section, Faisalabad |
|||
| Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Chief Scientist | miannsr@gmail.com | 041-9201810 |
|
Dr. Muhammad Shahid
|
Principal Scientist
|
041-9201810 | |
| Javed Anwar Shah | Principal Scientist | jashah@yahoo.com | 041-9201810 |
|
Dr. Muhammad Sajjad
|
Senior Scientist
|
041-9201810 | |
| Dr. Kamra Mahmood | Senior Scientist | kameramehmood@gmail.com | 041-9201810 |
| Muhammad Zeeshan Niaz |
Senior Scientist
|
zeeshanniaz@hotmail.com | 041-9201810 |
| Muhammad Burhan |
Senior Scientist
|
041-9201810 | |
| Dr. Muhammad Umar Shahbaz | Senior Scientist | umar739@yahoo.com | 041-9201810 |
| Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq |
Senior Scientist
|
041-9201810 | |
| Muhammad Ussama Yasin | Scientific Officer | aropp2017@gmail.com | 041-9201810 |
| Misbah Ali | Scientific Officer | misbahali3031@yahoo.com | 041-9201810 |
Plant Virology Section, Faisalabad |
|||
| Babar Iqbal |
Principal Scientist
|
mrbabariqbal@gmail.com | 041-9201802 |
| Dr. Muhammad Iqbal |
Senior Scientist
|
miqbalahmad85@gmail.com | 041-9201802 |
| Dr. Saba Saeed | Scientific Officer | saba.saeed.aari@punjab.gov.pk | 041-9201802 |
| Dr. Rabia Kalsoom | Scientific Officer | dr.rabiakalsoom@gmail.com | 041-9201802 |
Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, PPRI, Faisalabad |
|||
| Saima Naseer | Principal Scientist | samnaseer@yahoo.com | 0315-7271520 |
| Dr. Shamim Akhtar | Principal Scientist | ashamim31@gmail.com | 041-9201682 |
| Muhammad Jawwad Yousaf | Senior Scientist | jawwadyousuf111@gmail.com | 0300-7986003 |
| Qamar Ansar | Senior Scientist | qamarkhanori@gmail.com | 0333-4978766 |
| Kamil Hasnain | Senior Scientist | kamiluaf@gmail.com | 0333-9912145 |
Facilities
Following are the facilities provided by the institute:
Plant Pathology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Provision of plant disease diagnostics along with effective management strategies in order to boost crop production.
- Provision of seed health testing services along with recommendations of seed treatment against seed borne pathogens.
Plant Virology Section, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Provision of virus free pre-basic potato seed.
- Provision of plant virus diagnostics & recommendations for control of viruses in crops.
Pest Control Training & Pest Management Division, PPRI, Faisalabad
- Provision of plant protection trainings to In-service Agri. Extension personnel, sugar mills field staff and other stakeholders.
Services
Following are the services offered by the institute:
- Field visits to improve farmers' agricultural expertise and promote understandings of plant diseases, along with appropriate management measures.
Allied Stations
Plant Virology Section, Faisalabad
Plant viruses are one of the major agents that are causing great losses to vegetables, field crops and fruit plants. Potato, cotton, chillies, tomatoes and cucurbits are major virus victims. To study various aspects of plant viral diseases and to develop strategy for the control and management of these diseases. Government of the Punjab initiated and established the Plant Virology Section during 1973. In 1984, Punjab Government added a small unit of tissue culture. Since the start of tissue culture unit, Plant Virology Section is engaged in the production of high-quality seed potato by using tissue culture techniques that ensure virus free seed stocks.
Research Activities
- To diagnose the plant viral diseases in economically important plants.
- Production of virus free pre basic seed potato through tissue culture technique.
- Identification of resistance sources in germplasm of different crops against different viral diseases under field conditions.
- Correlation of meteorological variables with potato viral diseases.
- Evaluation of bio pesticides and plant extracts against aphid vector and PVX, PVY and PLRV diseases management
- Effect of different phytohormones in meristem culture of potato.
- Insecticide resistance in aphid population on potato.
- Population dynamics of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and CLCuV disease incidence on cotton varieties.
- Insecticide resistance in field population of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).
- Management of papaya virus diseases.
Contact Us
Plant Pathology Section, Faisalabad
Introduction
The Plant Pathology Section was established in 1946 and functioned as an integral part of the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute until 1962. When the college transitioned into a university in 1962, the research institute was separated to form the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute. Consequently, the Plant Pathology Section was also relocated to the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute in Faisalabad. The overarching aim of Plant Pathology Section is to provide sustainable solutions to agricultural challenges, ensuring healthy crops, reducing losses, and fostering food security.
Mission
The mission of Plant Pathology Section is to secure the health of plants, the environment, and human livelihoods by addressing plant disease challenges in innovative, sustainable, and impactful ways.
Objectives
- To monitor and identify detrimental pathogens distressing crop plants.
- To study the biology, infection processes, and effects of plant pathogens on crops.
- To carry out surveys in various ecological zones in order to diagnose diseases and evaluate plant diseases and associated losses.
- To study seedborne pathogenic microorganisms impacting field and horticultural crops.
- To determine the suitability of various chemical substances to combat plant diseases.
- To find and investigate the efficacy of biocontrol agents in plant disease management.
- To develop integrated management strategies to control detrimental pathogens in crops.
- To perform collaborative research on screening advanced lines of field and horticultural crops against detrimental pathogens, which will aid in the development of resistant types of crops.
Research Activities
- Monitoring of detrimental pathogens, i.e., fungal, bacterial and nematodes, distressing field and horticultural crops.
- Studying the biology and interaction of plant pathogens in various crops.
- Exploring various chemical composites to control prevailing plant pathogens, i.e., fungal, bacterial and nematodes in field and horticultural crops.
- Detection of seed-borne pathogens, distressing vegetable crops, and assessing the impact of various chemicals on their growth as control strategy.
- Exploring different natural plant-based compounds to manage plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens.
- Exploring environment friendly growth promoting strains of Rhizobacteria in order to manage soilborne and seedborne plant diseases.
- Collaborating with breeders of field and horticultural crops to screen and develop resistant crops varieties against destructive plant pathogens.
- Standardizing protocol for growing of different kinds of mushrooms.
- Provision of plant disease diagnostic and management services to farmers, public, Institutes and other stakeholders engaged in agriculture sector of the Punjab.
Achievement
- Over 67 fungal infections, over 6 bacteria, and 2 parasitic nematodes have been identified in 34 different crops.
- Identified 3 types/strains of Colletotrichum falcatum, based on cultural morphological traits of the pathogen, isolated from sugarcane red rot infected samples.
- Resistance potential against 25 disease causing pathogens/agents were noticed in advanced breeding lines of 11 different crops, reported to the breeders for inclusion in varietal development in each instance. Detail is given in Table 1.
- Explored various chemicals to inhibit and control the spread of prevailing pathogens (fungal, bacterial and nematodes) in field and horticultural crops. More than 21 types of various chemicals were tested and recommended against more than 38 different diseases of 19 different crops, detailed description is given in Table 2.
- Seeds of 17 different crops were examined, recorded more than 38 pathogens, and 4 types of different chemicals were used as seed treatment, tested to suppress the accompanying pathogens. Detail of each is given in Table 3, along with the recommended dose of the control chemicals.
Table 1. Resistance potential against disease causing pathogens/agents in advanced lines of crops
Sr. No. |
Disease |
Causal agent |
Spreading Nature |
Crop |
No. of tested lines |
No. of resistant lines |
Name of resistant lines |
|
1 |
Loose smut |
Ustilago tritici |
Air & seed borne |
Wheat |
16 |
3 |
5309, HYT20-19, 17C090 |
|
2 |
Karnal bunt |
Tilletia indica |
Seed borne |
Wheat |
15 |
1 |
FSD-2008 |
|
3 |
Red rot |
Colletotrichum falcatum |
Seed & soil borne |
Sugarcane |
18 |
14 |
PSR-07, SP-93, 08US-133, SL-426, M-42, CP-1101, 08AUS-130, 02US-133, SPF6-um, S-54, Co-238, FD-18, 02-US -133, 06SPF302 |
|
4 |
Whip smut |
Sporisorium scitamineum |
Seed & soilborne |
Sugarcane |
18 |
12 |
03-US633, PSR-07, 03US-658, SA-111, SL-426, SP-93, US-54, CP-1101, 08AUS-130, RMC-87/559, 02US-133, CO238 |
|
5 |
Bacterial blight |
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv malvacearum |
Air & soil borne |
Cotton |
20 |
4 |
FH-326, FH-468, FH-328, FH-142 |
|
6 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Seed & soil borne |
Peas |
15 |
6 |
No.267, FS-8187 Samrina Zard, F-16, Sarsabz, P-09 |
|
7 |
Powdery mildew |
Erysiphe polygoni |
Air borne |
Peas |
10 |
1 |
Azad P1 |
|
8 |
Late blight |
Phytophthora infestans |
Air & soil borne |
Tomato |
40 |
2 |
Salar, LITTH- 645 |
|
9 |
Early blight |
Alternaria solani |
Air borne |
Tomato |
40 |
1 |
LITTH-646 |
|
10 |
Wilt |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. |
Soil borne |
Tomato |
273 |
59 |
LITTH-646, LITTH-648, LITTH-649, LITTH-650, LITTH-652, LITTH-653, LITTH-657, LITTH-658, LITTH-660, LITTH-664, LITTH-668, LITTH-671, LITTH-673, LITTH-676, LITTH-678, LITTH-572, LITTH-580, LITTH-559, Sahel, LPP# 12005,12011,12017,12025,12034,12053, 12072,12082,12091,12120,12127,12143,12161,12176,12205,12216, 12004,12005,12009, 12011,12012,12016, 12020,12022,12030,12031,12038,12043, 12045,12053,12061,12062,12068,12071,12076,12090,12099,12100, 12104,12105 |
|
11 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Tomato |
25 |
8 |
18277, 20330, 20321, 19301, 20331, 20325, 20324, 20334 |
|
12 |
Botrytis blight |
Botrytis cinerea |
Air & soil borne |
Tomato |
40 |
4 |
LITTH-645, LITTH-646, LITTH-648, LITTH-611 |
|
13 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Lentil |
233 |
36 |
12106,12107,12110,12115,12120,12126,12127,12129,12130,12136,12137,12143,12144, |
|
14 |
Rust |
Uromyces viciae-fabae |
Air borne |
Lentil |
260 |
7 |
LPP#12012,12013,12025,12040,12074,12099, 12108 |
|
15 |
Grey mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Air & soil borne |
Lentil |
260 |
22 |
LPP#12011,12012,12018,12019,12025,12026,12030,12036,12040,12044,12051,12052,12059,12075,12083,12085,12094,12104,12108,12113,12164,12188 |
|
16 |
Stemphylium blight
|
Stemphylium vesicarium |
Air, soil & seed borne |
Onion |
10 |
1 |
VRIO-4 |
|
17 |
Stalk rot |
Fusarium graminearum |
Soil borne |
Maize |
16 |
5 |
FH-1400, FH-1731, FH-1743, FH-1962, FH-1935 |
|
18 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Gram |
30 |
9 |
AZRI-CH-4/2020, PCK-19005, PCK-17002, AZRI-CH-10/2020 AZRI-CH-1/2020, AZRI-CH-8/2020, PCK-01216, PCK-19009, COOP-18, PCK-18020 |
|
19 |
Wilt & root rot complex |
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, |
Soil borne |
Gram |
12 |
6 |
D-18009, D-18008, D-18020, D-18036, D-1807, D-18032 |
|
20 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Mung |
50 |
6 |
S-907, 6163-B-4, E-86, Kark-2, Kark-1 L X No-10-76 |
|
21 |
Bacterial Wilt
|
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Seed borne |
Mung |
6 |
2 |
07002, 07006 |
|
22 |
Bacterial Wilt |
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Seed borne |
Mash |
15 |
1 |
16M009 |
|
23 |
Collar rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Soil borne |
Mash |
20 |
10 |
19M003, 19M011, 18M013, 18M014, 19M007, Mash SPN-2, 19M005, AARIM-02, AARIM-03, AARIM-12 |
|
24 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Carrot |
5 |
1 |
T-29 |
|
25 |
Root knot nematode |
Meloidogyne incognita |
Soil borne |
Radish |
5 |
2 |
Miun Japani, Manwari long diet |
Table 2. Chemical treatment for effective disease management in diverse crop plants
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Disease |
Chemical |
Dose/litre H2O |
|
1 |
Cotton |
Twig and Stem Blight |
difenoconazole |
1 cc |
|
Bacterial Leaf Blight |
streptomycin sulphate |
1 g |
||
|
2 |
Rice |
Stem Rot |
sulphur |
4 g |
|
Brown Spot |
tebuconazole |
2 cc |
||
|
Bacterial Leaf Blight |
kasugamycin + copper oxychloride |
4 g |
||
|
3 |
Wheat |
Yellow Rust |
propiconazole |
1 cc |
|
Brown Rust |
propiconazole |
1 cc |
||
|
4 |
Chili |
Collar Rot |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
2g |
|
Gray Mold |
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole |
2 cc |
||
|
Anthracnose |
thiophanate methyl |
2g |
||
|
Root Knot nematode |
cadusafos |
- |
||
|
5 |
Pea |
Collar Rot |
mandipropamid |
2.5 ml |
|
Powdery Mildew |
pyraclostrobin & metiram |
2.5 g |
||
|
6 |
Tomato |
Late Blight |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
2.5g |
|
Early Blight |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
1g |
||
|
Gray Mold |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
2.5 g |
||
|
7 |
Potato |
Late Blight |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
2g |
|
Early Blight |
pyraclostrobin+tebuconazole |
1g |
||
|
Gray Mold |
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole |
2 cc |
||
|
8 |
Muskmelon |
Powdery Mildew |
sulphur |
3 g |
|
Collar Rot |
mandipropamid |
2.5 ml |
||
|
9 |
Bitter gourd |
Myrothecium leaf spot |
tebuconazole |
3 g |
|
10 |
Cucurbits |
Downy Mildew |
metalaxyl-M + mancozeb |
2.5 g |
|
11 |
Carrot |
Powdery Mildew |
sulphur |
3 g |
|
Blight |
tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin |
1 g |
||
|
12 |
Onion |
Purple Blotch |
difenoconazole |
1 ml |
|
Downy Mildew |
fosetyl aluminum |
2 g |
||
|
13 |
Garlic |
Rust |
penconazole |
1 ml |
|
Stemphylium Blight |
pyraclostrobin + tebuconazole |
1 g |
||
|
14 |
Cauliflower |
Downy Mildew |
dimethomorph + mancozeb |
3 g |
|
Bacterial Rot |
streptomycin sulphate |
1 g |
||
|
15 |
Citrus |
Canker |
streptomycin sulphate |
1 g |
|
Withertip |
thiophanate methyl |
2g |
||
|
Scab |
propineb |
2g |
||
|
16 |
Berseem |
Crown and Stem rot |
difenoconazole |
1 ml |
|
17 |
Sunflower |
Phomopsis rot |
pyraclostrobin + tebuconazole |
1 g |
|
18 |
Sesame |
Stem Rot |
tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin |
1 g |
|
19 |
Murstard |
Bacterial Wilt |
oxytetracycline |
1 ml |
Table 3. Seed borne pathogens of crops, associated disease and recommended seed dressing fungicides
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Pathogen |
Associated diseases |
Chemical/Kg of seed |
|
1. |
Pea |
Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Phoma sp. |
Wilt, Blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
Ascochyta pisi, A. pinodella |
Blight |
azoxystrobin & difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1cc |
|||
|
2. |
India gourd |
Macrophomina phaseolina |
Stem rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
3. |
Ash gourd |
Fusarium solani |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
4. |
Red gourd |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
azoxystrobin & difenoconazole @ 2.5 g |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
5. |
Sponge gourd |
Colletotrichum dematium |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 1 g |
|
|
azoxystrobin & difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
6. |
Long melon |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
difenoconazole @ 1 cc |
|
|
azoxystrobin & difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
7. |
Spinach |
Stemphylium botryosum, Verticillium sp., Fusarium solani |
Leaf spot, Wilt, Seedling blight |
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
||||
|
Cercospora sp. |
Leaf spot |
difenoconazole @ 1 cc |
||
|
|
tebuconazole @ 2.0cc |
|||
|
8. |
Fenugreek |
Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Verticillium sp. |
Wilt, Seedling blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
Stemphylium botryosum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 1 g |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
9. |
Cauliflower |
Fusarium solani |
Head rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 1 g |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1 cc |
|||
|
10. |
Onion |
Myrothecium roridum, Stemphylium botryosum, Alternaria porri |
Leaf spot, Purple blotch |
azoxystrobin & difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
11. |
Garlic |
Stemphylium botryosum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
Fusarium oxsporum |
Wilt, Seedling blight |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
||
|
12. |
Turnip |
Fusarium solani |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
Alternaria brassicae; A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
||
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
13. |
Radish |
Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 1 cc |
|||
|
14. |
Carrot |
Alternaria radicina; Alternaria dauci |
Leaf spot, Head blight |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
15. |
Lettuce |
Fusarium moniliforme |
Wilt |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
|
16. |
Bitter gourd |
Myrothecium roridum |
Leaf spot |
tebuconazole & trifloxystrobin @ 2 g |
|
|
difenoconazole @ 2 cc |
|||
|
17. |
Tinda gourd |
Fusarium moniliforme, Macrophomina phaseolina |
Wilt, Charcoal rot |
thiophanate methyl @ 2 g |
Initiatives
- Surveillance and monitoring of emerging diseases, pathogens under Punjab changing climatic conditions.
- Development of integrated disease management protocols for different diseases.
- Management of decline of trees and fruit plants.
- Seed health testing of crops.
Facilities
- Provision of plant disease diagnostic facilities and effective management strategies.
- Provision of seed health testing services along with recommendations for seed treatment.
Services
- Field visits to improve farmers' agricultural expertise and promote understandings of plant diseases, along with appropriate management measures.
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Pest Management Division, Faisalabad
Pest Management Division was established in 1977 under ADP project of Plant Protection Institute (PPI), Faisalabad. Now Pest Management Division related to Crops’ weeds and Plants diseases, is working under the umbrella of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad from June, 2009.
Research Activities
Following are the research activities of the section:
-
Management of various crops diseases, insect pests and weeds by the use of new chemistry herbicides and fungicides
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Pest Control Training Division
Pest control Training Division was established in1971 with the establishment of Plant Protection Institute, Faisalabad. Now Pest Control Training is working under the umbrella of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad from June, 2009. This Division contributes its share in boosting up Agriculture Production through transfer of technology to Agricultural Extension personnel viz. District Officer Agri., Deputy District Officer Agri., Agri. Officers, Field Assistants, Master Trainers and field staff of Sugar Mills in the Punjab.
Training Activities
Following are the training activities of this Division:
- To create awareness about the imbalance of modern Agriculture to the farming community.
- To familiarize the farmers with the recent developments in Plant Protection i.e. integrated control measures.
- To acquaint farmers with judicious use of pesticides/fungicides/herbicides.
- To impart general and specialized training in the latest techniques of insect pests/diseases/weeds control to the employees of Agriculture personnals and other stake holders.
- To develop suitable plant protection technologies/strategies to control pests/diseases and weeds for ensuring higher crop yields of good quality.
- To facilitate isolation and identification of pests/disease problems of field crops, vegetables, stored grains and fruit plants in the Punjab.
|
Year |
District Officer Agriculture |
Deputy District / Officers Agri. |
Agriculture / Officer/ Inspectors |
F/A |
Master Trainings / Production/Pr otection/Muk addam |
Sugar Mills Field Staff |
Farmers/ Others |
Total |
|
2014-15 |
0 |
0 |
38 |
66 |
0 |
37 |
- |
141 |
|
2015-16 |
0 |
0 |
140 |
159 |
0 |
13 |
54 |
366 |
|
2016-17 |
0 |
0 |
102 |
93 |
0 |
53 |
74 |
322 |
|
2017-18 |
0 |
0 |
48 |
64 |
0 |
43 |
208 |
363 |
|
2018-19 |
0 |
0 |
202 |
45 |
0 |
16 |
92 |
355 |
|
2019-20 |
0 |
0 |
104 |
131 |
0 |
79 |
0 |
314 |
|
2020-21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
0 |
28 |
0 |
111 |
| 2022-23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 135 |
|
G Total |
0 |
0 |
634 |
1310 |
0 |
305 |
428 |
2107 |
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